Eine Übersicht, die 17 Arbeiten umfasst, ist zu dem Ergebniss gekommen, dass belohnungsbasiertes Hundetraining weniger Risiken beinhaltet und besser funktioniert, als aversive Methoden:
http://www.companionanimalpsychology.com/2017/04/new-literature-review-recommends-reward.html?m=1New Literature Review Recommends Reward-Based Training
Despite the methodological concerns, it appears that aversive training methods have undesirable unintended outcomes and that using them puts dogs’ welfare at risk. In addition, there is no evidence to suggest that aversive training methods are more effective than reward-based training methods. At least 3 studies in this review suggest that the opposite might be true in both pets and working dogs. Because this appears to be the case, it is recommended that the dog training community embrace reward-based training and avoid, as much as possible, training methods that include aversion.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0126344Is Leadership a Reliable Concept in Animals? An Empirical Study in the Horse
In its current state, the concept of leadership proved unreliable in the horse, a species where it has been used for decades without addressing the nature of the decision-making process. This study should allow future research in the field of group coordination to avoid this pitfall.